Older Drivers in Australia: Trends in Driving Status and Cognitive and Visual Impairment

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122566565/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

Older Drivers in Australia: Trends in Driving Status and Cognitive and Visual Impairment

Lesley A. Ross, PhD ^* , Kaarin J. Anstey, PhD ^* , Kim M. Kiely, BA (Hons) ^* , Tim D. Windsor, PhD ^* , Julie E. Byles, PhD ^† , Mary A. Luszcz, PhD ^‡ , and Paul Mitchell, PhD^§

From the ^*Centre for Mental Health Research, Ageing Research Unit, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; ^†Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; ^‡School of Psychology and Flinders Centre for Ageing Studies, Flinders University Adelaide, Australia; and^§Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Address correspondence to Lesley A. Ross, The Australian National University, Centre for Mental Health Research, Ageing Research Unit; Building 63 Eggleston Road, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. E-mail: LesleyARoss@gmail.com

KEYWORDS

driving • DYNOPTA • alternative transportation • older adults • visual and cognitive impairments

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To investigate self-reported driving status within three Australian states; associations between demographic, health, and functional factors and driving status; and the extent to which remaining a driver in spite of cognitive and visual impairments varies as a function of sex.

DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of a pooled data set.

SETTING: Australian communities.

PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 65 to 103 (N=5,206) from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project. DYNOPTA is a unique data set created through the harmonization and pooling of data across nine separate Australian longitudinal studies of aging conducted between 1990 and 2007 (N=50,652).

MEASUREMENTS: Driving status, demographic characteristics, Mini-Mental State Examination score, visual acuity, physical activity, and occupation.

RESULTS: Men and participants with higher-level occupations had greater odds of driving. Older age, more medical conditions, and poorer vision increased the odds of not driving. Persons who were divorced, widowed, or never married were at a greater risk than married adults of not driving. Descriptive analyses revealed a large proportion of men with probable visual or cognitive impairments who reported driving. Subsequent comparative analyses between the DYNOPTA sample and other published U.S. and Canadian data revealed lower proportions of current drivers among Australian women and those at older ages, although there were consistently lower proportions of drivers within Australia and Canada than in the United States.

CONCLUSION: The rate of men with probable dementia or visual impairments who reported driving is of particular concern. Research and policy need to focus on evidence-based assessment of older drivers and development of appropriate interventions and programs to maintain the mobility and independence of older adults